Saliva protects teeth. It washes away food, neutralises acid and carries minerals that repair early enamel damage. When the mouth is dry for long periods, the risk of tooth decay, gum disease, bad breath and mouth infections goes up.
Common causes
- Medicines: many common medicines reduce saliva, including some for blood pressure, depression, allergies, pain and bladder control. The effect is greater when several are taken together.
- Mouth breathing and snoring, particularly at night.
- Dehydration, and frequent caffeine or alcohol.
- Smoking and vaping.
- Medical conditions such as diabetes and Sjögren’s syndrome.
- Radiotherapy to the head and neck.
Do not stop a prescribed medicine because of a dry mouth. Talk to your doctor, who may be able to adjust the dose or suggest an alternative.
Signs to look for
- A sticky or dry feeling, or thick, stringy saliva.
- Trouble swallowing dry food or speaking for long periods.
- Cracked lips, or a sore or burning tongue.
- New decay, especially near the gum line.
What helps
- Sip water often through the day.
- Chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva.
- Limit caffeine and alcohol, and avoid mouthwash that contains alcohol.
- Avoid sugary or acidic drinks and lollies to moisten the mouth, as these speed up decay.
- Ask your dentist or pharmacist about saliva substitutes, gels or sprays.
- Use a fluoride toothpaste. Your dentist may recommend a higher-strength one.
Why regular check-ups matter more
Decay can progress quickly in a dry mouth, so more frequent check-ups and cleans are often advised, along with fluoride treatment. Energy drinks and other acidic drinks are a particular problem when saliva is low. This article is general information and not a substitute for advice from your own dentist or doctor.
To book at Glenmore Park Dental Services, Shop 17b, 11 Town Terrace, Glenmore Park, book online or call (02) 4733 1197. We are open 9:00am to 6:30pm, Monday to Saturday.