Tooth decay is one of the most common health problems in Australian children, yet it is largely preventable. Knowing the early signs and a few simple habits can protect your child’s teeth for life.
Key points
- Tooth decay is one of the most common chronic conditions in Australian children.
- Early signs include white chalky spots near the gum, then brown or dark areas.
- Frequent sugary snacks and drinks, and bedtime bottles, raise the risk.
- Twice-daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste and regular check-ups help prevent it.
Early signs of tooth decay in children
- White, chalky spots or lines near the gum line, often on the top front teeth.
- Brown, yellow or black spots, or small holes in the teeth.
- Sensitivity or complaints of pain when eating sweet, hot or cold foods.
- Bad breath, swelling of the gum, or a child avoiding chewing on one side.
White spots are the earliest stage and can sometimes be reversed with fluoride and better habits, so it pays to have them checked early.
What causes cavities in kids?
- Frequent snacking on sugary foods or sipping sweet drinks through the day.
- Going to bed with a bottle of milk, formula or juice.
- Not brushing twice a day, or not using a fluoride toothpaste.
- Sticky foods such as dried fruit, muesli bars and lollies that cling to teeth.
How to prevent tooth decay
- Brush twice a day with a children’s fluoride toothpaste. Use a smear for under-6s and a pea-sized amount after that, unless advised otherwise.
- Help your child brush until about age 8, when most children can do it well alone.
- Offer water between meals and keep sweet treats to mealtimes.
- Ask about fissure sealants for back teeth, which can help protect deep grooves.
- Book regular check-ups so problems are found early.
Our children’s dentistry team keeps visits gentle and positive. See our tips for your child’s first dental visit and baby teething. Eligible families can use the Child Dental Benefits Schedule, and Healthdirect has more on children’s oral health.
Common questions
At what age should my child first see a dentist?
Many dental organisations recommend a first visit by around age one or when the first teeth appear, then regular check-ups after that.
Do baby teeth with cavities need fillings?
Often, yes. Decay in baby teeth can cause pain and infection and can affect the adult teeth underneath. We will explain the options for your child.
Is fruit juice OK for kids’ teeth?
Juice is high in natural sugar and acid. Water and plain milk are the best drinks between meals.
Reviewed by the Glenmore Park Dental Services clinical team, October 2026. This article is general information, not personal dental advice.
To book, call Glenmore Park Dental Services on (02) 4733 1197 or request an appointment. We are at Shop 17b, 11 Town Terrace, Glenmore Park, and open Monday to Saturday.